This Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Research Report is a comprehensive study of the global Product Infomation Management (PIM) market. It provides detailed information on the major players in the market, including their market share, product portfolio, and business strategy. The report also covers the competitive landscape of the Product Infomation Management (PIM) market and provides detailed profiles of the leading players.
Key Market Players:
SAP
Oracle
IBM
Informatica
Stibo Systems
TIBCO Software
Riversand Technologies
Orchestra Networks
EnterWorks
Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Маrkеt Ѕеgmеntаtіоn:
Market by Type :
Customer Data
Product Data
Others
Market by Application :
Banking, Finance and Insurance (BFSI)
IT and Telecommunications
Government & Health Care
Manufacturing & Logistics
The report provides a detailed segmentation of the Product Infomation Management (PIM) market, by geography, application, and end-use industry. It also provides an overview of the major trends and drivers impacting the market.
Major geographies analyzed under this research report are:
North America
Europe
Asia-Pacific
Rest of the World
The report covers the key drivers and restraints impacting the Product Infomation Management (PIM) market. It also provides an overview of the major trends and opportunities in the market.
Chapter 1 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Taxonomy
1.2.1 By Product Type & End User
1.2.2 By Region
1.3 Drivers for Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market
1.4 Restraints for Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market
1.5 Opportunities for Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market
1.6 Trends for Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market
1.7 COVID-19 Impact Assessment on Product Infomation Management (PIM) Industry
1.8 Macro-economic Factors
1.9 Regulatory Framework
1.10 Pricing Analysis by Region, 2020
1.11 Opportunity Map Analysis
1.12 Opportunity Orbits
1.13 Market Investment Feasibility Index
1.14 PEST Analysis
1.15 PORTERS Five Force Analysis
1.16 Go to Market Strategy
1.17 Value Chain Analysis
1.18 Cost Structure Analysis
1.19 Regional Market Share and BPS Analysis
Chapter 2 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Overview
2.1 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market by Product Type
2.1.1 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Product Type (2013-2030)
2.1.2 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Market Share by Product Type in 2019
2.1.3 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Attractiveness Analysis by Product Type, (2013-2020)
2.2 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market by End User
2.2.1 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by End User (2013-2030)
2.2.2 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Market Share by End User in 2019
2.2.3 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Attractiveness Analysis by End User, (2013-2020)
2.3 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market by Region
2.3.1 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Region (2013-2030)
2.3.2 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Market Share by Region in 2019
2.3.3 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Attractiveness Analysis by Region, (2013-2020)
2.4 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Outlook (2013-2030)
2.4.1 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) (2013-2020)
2.4.2 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) (2022-2030)
2.5 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) by Regions
2.5.1 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Region (2013-2020)
2.5.2 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Region (2022-2030)
2.6 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) by Product Type
2.6.1 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Product Type (2013-2020)
2.6.2 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Product Type (2022-2030)
2.7 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) by End User
2.7.1 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by End User (2013-2020)
2.7.2 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by End User (2022-2030)
2.8 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Y-o-Y Growth Rate Comparison (2014-2030)
2.8.1 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Y-o-Y Growth Rate by Region
2.8.2 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Y-o-Y Growth Rate by Product Type
2.8.3 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Y-o-Y Growth Rate by End User
2.9 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Share Comparison (2013-2030)
2.9.1 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Share by Region
2.9.2 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Share by Product Type
2.9.3 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Share by End User
Chapter 3 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Overview
3.1 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market by Product Type
3.1.1 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Product Type (2013-2030)
3.1.2 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Market Share by Product Type in 2019
3.1.3 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Attractiveness Analysis by Product Type, (2013-2020)
3.2 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market by End User
3.2.1 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by End User (2013-2030)
3.2.2 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Market Share by End User in 2019
3.2.3 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Attractiveness Analysis by End User, (2013-2020)
3.3 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market by Region
3.3.1 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Region (2013-2030)
3.3.2 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Market Share by Region in 2019
3.3.3 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Attractiveness Analysis by Region, (2013-2020)
3.4 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Outlook (2013-2030)
3.4.1 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) (2013-2020)
3.4.2 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) (2022-2030)
3.5 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) by Regions
3.5.1 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Region (2013-2020)
3.5.2 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Region (2022-2030)
3.6 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) by Product Type
3.6.1 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Product Type (2013-2020)
3.6.2 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Product Type (2022-2030)
3.7 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) by End User
3.7.1 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by End User (2013-2020)
3.7.2 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by End User (2022-2030)
3.8 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Y-o-Y Growth Rate Comparison (2014-2030)
3.8.1 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Y-o-Y Growth Rate by Region
3.8.2 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Y-o-Y Growth Rate by Product Type
3.8.3 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Y-o-Y Growth Rate by End User
3.9 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Share Comparison (2013-2030)
3.9.1 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Share by Region
3.9.2 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Share by Product Type
3.9.3 North America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Share by End User
Chapter 4 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Overview
4.1 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market by Product Type
4.1.1 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Product Type (2013-2030)
4.1.2 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Market Share by Product Type in 2019
4.1.3 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Attractiveness Analysis by Product Type, (2013-2020)
4.2 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market by End User
4.2.1 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by End User (2013-2030)
4.2.2 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Market Share by End User in 2019
4.2.3 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Attractiveness Analysis by End User, (2013-2020)
4.3 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market by Region
4.3.1 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Region (2013-2030)
4.3.2 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Market Share by Region in 2019
4.3.3 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Attractiveness Analysis by Region, (2013-2020)
4.4 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Outlook (2013-2030)
4.4.1 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) (2013-2020)
4.4.2 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) (2022-2030)
4.5 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) by Regions
4.5.1 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Region (2013-2020)
4.5.2 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Region (2022-2030)
4.6 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) by Product Type
4.6.1 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Product Type (2013-2020)
4.6.2 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Product Type (2022-2030)
4.7 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) by End User
4.7.1 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by End User (2013-2020)
4.7.2 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by End User (2022-2030)
4.8 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Y-o-Y Growth Rate Comparison (2014-2030)
4.8.1 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Y-o-Y Growth Rate by Region
4.8.2 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Y-o-Y Growth Rate by Product Type
4.8.3 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Y-o-Y Growth Rate by End User
4.9 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Share Comparison (2013-2030)
4.9.1 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Share by Region
4.9.2 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Share by Product Type
4.9.3 Europe Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Share by End User
Chapter 5 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Overview
5.1 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market by Product Type
5.1.1 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Product Type (2013-2030)
5.1.2 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Market Share by Product Type in 2019
5.1.3 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Attractiveness Analysis by Product Type, (2013-2020)
5.2 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market by End User
5.2.1 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by End User (2013-2030)
5.2.2 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Market Share by End User in 2019
5.2.3 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Attractiveness Analysis by End User, (2013-2020)
5.3 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market by Region
5.3.1 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Region (2013-2030)
5.3.2 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Market Share by Region in 2019
5.3.3 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Attractiveness Analysis by Region, (2013-2020)
5.4 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Outlook (2013-2030)
5.4.1 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) (2013-2020)
5.4.2 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) (2022-2030)
5.5 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) by Regions
5.5.1 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Region (2013-2020)
5.5.2 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Region (2022-2030)
5.6 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) by Product Type
5.6.1 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Product Type (2013-2020)
5.6.2 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Product Type (2022-2030)
5.7 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) by End User
5.7.1 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by End User (2013-2020)
5.7.2 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by End User (2022-2030)
5.8 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Y-o-Y Growth Rate Comparison (2014-2030)
5.8.1 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Y-o-Y Growth Rate by Region
5.8.2 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Y-o-Y Growth Rate by Product Type
5.8.3 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Y-o-Y Growth Rate by End User
5.9 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Share Comparison (2013-2030)
5.9.1 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Share by Region
5.9.2 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Share by Product Type
5.9.3 Asia Pacific Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Share by End User
Chapter 6 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Overview
6.1 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market by Product Type
6.1.1 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Product Type (2013-2030)
6.1.2 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Market Share by Product Type in 2019
6.1.3 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Attractiveness Analysis by Product Type, (2013-2020)
6.2 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market by End User
6.2.1 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by End User (2013-2030)
6.2.2 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Market Share by End User in 2019
6.2.3 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Attractiveness Analysis by End User, (2013-2020)
6.3 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market by Region
6.3.1 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Region (2013-2030)
6.3.2 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Market Share by Region in 2019
6.3.3 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Attractiveness Analysis by Region, (2013-2020)
6.4 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Outlook (2013-2030)
6.4.1 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) (2013-2020)
6.4.2 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) (2022-2030)
6.5 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) by Regions
6.5.1 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Region (2013-2020)
6.5.2 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Region (2022-2030)
6.6 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) by Product Type
6.6.1 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Product Type (2013-2020)
6.6.2 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Product Type (2022-2030)
6.7 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) by End User
6.7.1 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by End User (2013-2020)
6.7.2 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by End User (2022-2030)
6.8 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Y-o-Y Growth Rate Comparison (2014-2030)
6.8.1 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Y-o-Y Growth Rate by Region
6.8.2 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Y-o-Y Growth Rate by Product Type
6.8.3 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Y-o-Y Growth Rate by End User
6.9 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Share Comparison 2013-2030
6.9.1 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Share by Region
6.9.2 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Share by Product Type
6.9.3 South America Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Share by End User
Chapter 7 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Overview
7.1 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market by Product Type
7.1.1 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Product Type (2013-2030)
7.1.2 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Market Share by Product Type in 2019
7.1.3 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Attractiveness Analysis by Product Type, (2013-2020)
7.2 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market by End User
7.2.1 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by End User (2013-2030)
7.2.2 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Market Share by End User in 2019
7.2.3 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Attractiveness Analysis by End User, (2013-2020)
7.3 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market by Region
7.3.1 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Region (2013-2030)
7.3.2 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Market Share by Region in 2019
7.3.3 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Attractiveness Analysis by Region, (2013-2020)
7.4 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Outlook (2013-2030)
7.4.1 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) (2013-2020)
7.4.2 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) (2022-2030)
7.5 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) by Regions
7.5.1 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Region (2013-2020)
7.5.2 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Region (2022-2030)
7.6 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) by Product Type
7.6.1 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Product Type (2013-2020)
7.6.2 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by Product Type (2022-2030)
7.7 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) by End User
7.7.1 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by End User (2013-2020)
7.7.2 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Value (US$ Mn) and Volume (Units) Comparison by End User (2022-2030)
7.8 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Y-o-Y Growth Rate Comparison (2014-2030)
7.8.1 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Y-o-Y Growth Rate by Region
7.8.2 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Y-o-Y Growth Rate by Product Type
7.8.3 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Y-o-Y Growth Rate by End User
7.9 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Share Comparison (2013-2030)
7.9.1 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Share by Region
7.9.2 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Share by Product Type
7.9.3 MEA Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Share by End User
Chapter 8 Global Product Infomation Management (PIM) Market Company Profiles
8.1 Market Competition Scenario Analysis, By Company
8.2 Competitor Landscape
8.3 Company Share Analysis
8.4 Company Profiles
8.4.1 Company
8.4.1.1 Company Overview
8.4.1.2 Business Description
8.4.1.3 Product Portfolio
8.4.1.4 Key Financials
8.4.1.5 Key Developments
8.4.1.6 SWOT Analysis
Companies Included:
SAP
Oracle
IBM
Informatica
Stibo Systems
TIBCO Software
Riversand Technologies
Orchestra Networks
EnterWorks
Chapter 9 Methodology and Data Source
9.1 Research Approach/ Methodology
9.2 Market Size Estimation
9.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
9.4 Data Source
9.4.1 Secondary Sources
9.4.2 Primary Sources
